So, today Photo Stream on my Mac decided that syncing was too much of a hassle. So it stopped. It was not the Photo Stream service itself that halted, as it synced between my iPhone and my iPad. It was just on the Mac that it was sleeping in.
And since this is a “just working” product, there are really no settings you can have a look at, to see if something is wrong.
So the answer, as it always is: Turn Photo Stream on and off under System Preferences -> Internet and Wireless -> iCloud. And that woke it up, and my missing photos turned up where I wanted them.

This has happened on my pc. How do do I turn off and wake up icons on a pc?
Thanks
You can access the iCloud control panel by clicking on you iCloud icon on the task bar (next to the clock). On the panel tick off Photo Stream, apply, and tick it back on.
Thank you